Excisional biopsy reveals:
The exact pathophysiology remains debated, though two primary mechanisms are proposed: umbilical endometriosis
Because the umbilicus is a common site for various pathologies, the differential diagnosis is broad. It includes: umbilical endometriosis
A detailed history focusing on the catamenial nature of symptoms (cyclical pain and swelling) is crucial for raising suspicion. umbilical endometriosis