To understand the database, you first have to understand the lock. Nintendo, like most console manufacturers, uses digital rights management (DRM) to protect its games. When you download a game from the Nintendo eShop (digitally) or play a disc, the console needs to verify that you own the right to play it.
The is a collection of cryptographic keys (per game title) that decrypt Wii U software, including: wii u title key database
This verification is handled by a unique string of characters known as a . Think of it like a digital serial number. To understand the database, you first have to